Gateway to the Interior: 

Swellendam was established as settlers ventured into South Africa’s interior, and it played a crucial role as a gateway to the inland regions. Founded in 1743, it became the third-oldest magisterial district in the country. It was named after Hendrik Swellengrebel and his wife Helena Ten Damme. He was the first South African-born governor. The town quickly grew as the last outpost before the interior, driving demand for goods and services. Craftsmen, wainwrights, and traders soon settled around the Drostdy building, lending essential skills to the surrounding agricultural community.

The town is known for its Cape Dutch architecture, much of which was later altered by the British, who introduced fireplaces that the Dutch had not considered necessary.

It was also significant in the history of Merino sheep farming in South Africa. The first Merino sheep, descended from Spanish stock, were introduced to the area in 1803, establishing the foundation for a thriving agricultural industry.

Independence

Under Dutch East India Company rule, the Cape was controlled through outposts, magistrates, and commandos. For 15 years, farmers were required to sell grain to the Company at fixed prices. When tolls and taxes were introduced, and grain stores closed, hardship increased.

By June 1795, frustrated by poor governance, the burghers of Swellendam revolted. On 17 June, nine armed men entered the Drostdy court and dismissed the DEIC officials. The burghers declared Swellendam a Republic.” Hermanus Steyn was appointed President, and citizens began calling themselves “national burghers,” inspired by the French Revolution. This bold act of self-governance demonstrated a growing desire for autonomy.

The Republic lasted only a few months. When the British arrived in Cape Town, Swellendam initially refused to help, but eventually sent 168 mounted men. On 14 September, 5,000 British troops marched from Muizenberg. Though local burghers fought bravely, the Cape fell on 4 November 1795. The British ended the Republic but dropped new taxes to calm unrest. Revolt leaders Delport and Pisani were deported to Holland.

The arrival of British settlers further boosted the growth of the town as a vital refreshment station along the coastal route, largely thanks to the entrepreneurial vision of Barry and Nephews’ merchant empire, which even issued its own banknotes. They ran a courier service between the Breede River and Cape Town.  with ships travelling 35 km up the Breede River to Malgas. By the mid-1800s, Swellendam was a prosperous town and an important stop on coastal journeys.

In 1864, the Great Western Agricultural Show was held here, highlighting its importance in the region. The town boasted early amenities such as a library and a racecourse, reflecting its development.

.In June 2011, the Swellendam Municipality—including Barrydale, Suurbraak, and Malgas—symbolically re-declared itself a Republic. This modern republic celebrates rural life, diversity, sustainability, and respect for nature. These values still shape life in the area today.